Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport
but most are by private car.
In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the
shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the
Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find
anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so
people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.
In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the
underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used.
Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major
cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even
high-school students have their own cars.
Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities.
Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their
own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Longdistance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may
be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may
be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of
freight is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.
In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies,
Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers.
Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of
freight goes by road.
The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion
and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a
few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use
public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to
share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough.
Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and
restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities
public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.

In Britain and the US most people travel by ______.

According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their own
cars due to ______.

It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US are good
in ______

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______

Which of the following is true about transport in Britain?

According to the information in paragraph 5, long-distance travellers in the US can
choose from ______ mode(s) of transport.

It is stated in the passage that the major problems of road transport in Britain and the
US are ______.

According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because ______.

The word “they” in the last sentence of the passage can best be replaced by ______

Để làm một công việc trong 10 giờ cần 30 công nhân. Nếu có 60 công nhân (cùng năng suất như nhau) thì công việc đó được hoàn thành trong mấy giờ?

Hai bánh xe răng cưa khớp với nhau. Bánh nhỏ có 23 răng quay 92 vòng trong 2 phút. Nếu bánh xe lớn có 46 răng thì nó quay được bao nhiêu vòng trong vòng 2 phút?

Cứ 15 công nhân sửa xong một đoạn đường phải hết 6 ngày. Nếu muốn xong trong 3 ngày thì cần bao nhiêu công nhân ?

Có một nhóm thợ làm đường, nếu muốn làm xong trong 6 ngày thì cần 27 công nhân. Nếu muốn xong trong 3 ngày thì cần bao nhiêu công nhân ?

Có 5 máy bơm làm liên tục trong 18 giờ thì hút cạn một bể nước. Nay muốn hút hết nước trong 10 giờ thì cần bao nhiêu máy bơm như thế ?